This includes even the child components that weren’t affected by the change. By default, all child components re-render automatically when the state of a parent component changes. There is also another benefit of immutability. Avoiding direct data mutation lets you keep previous versions of the data intact, and reuse them later. This functionality isn’t specific to games-an ability to undo and redo certain actions is a common requirement for apps. Later in this tutorial, you will implement a “time travel” feature that lets you review the game’s history and “jump back” to past moves. Immutability makes complex features much easier to implement. The result is the same but by not mutating (changing the underlying data) directly, you gain several benefits. Now `squares` is unchanged, but `nextSquares` first element is 'X' rather than `null` In the end the user sees that the upper left square has changed from empty to having a X after clicking it. This causes the value prop of the Square component with index 0 to change from null to X.

The squares state of the Board component was updated, so the Board and all of its children re-render.

handleClick uses the argument ( 0) to update the first element of the squares array from null to X.It calls handleClick with an argument of 0. The Board component defined that function directly in the JSX. The Square component received that function as its onSquareClick prop from the Board. Clicking on the upper left square runs the function that the button received as its onClick prop from the Square.Let’s recap what happens when a user clicks the top left square on your board to add an X to it: Keeping the state of all squares in the Board component will allow it to determine the winner in the future. When the Board’s state changes, both the Board component and every child Square re-renders automatically. When clicking on a Square, the child Square component now asks the parent Board component to update the state of the board. Now that your state handling is in the Board component, the parent Board component passes props to the child Square components so that they can be displayed correctly.

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